Precautions for Using Power Trowels in Epoxy Floor Substrate Preparation

Concrete laser levelings offer many advantages, including 1. High flatness: The concrete laser leveling machine uses laser technology, which can accurately control the height and slope of the ground to achieve high-precision ground leveling. 2. High efficiency: Compared with the traditional manual leveling method, the concrete laser leveling machine can greatly improve the construction efficiency and shorten the construction period. 3. Reduce material waste: Due to the high leveling accuracy, it can reduce the waste of concrete materials and reduce costs. 4. Easy to operate and maintain: The concrete laser leveling machine is simple to operate and requires low skills of workers. At the same time, the equipment is also easier to maintain. 5. Applicable to various floors: The concrete laser leveling machine can be applied to a variety of different floors, such as cement, asphalt, etc. However, concrete laser levelings also have some limitations: 1. Higher cost: The purchase and maintenance cost of a concrete laser leveling is higher, which may increase the total investment of the project. 2. Limited adaptability to terrain: The concrete laser leveler has limited adaptability to terrain, and may not be able to level some special terrain or obstacles. 3. Professional operation and maintenance are required: Although operation and maintenance are relatively simple, professionals are still required to operate and maintain the equipment to ensure the performance and life of the equipment. 4. Not suitable for small-area construction: For small-area construction projects, it may not be cost-effective to use a concrete laser leveler because of its higher cost. 5. Not suitable for short-term construction projects: Since concrete requires a certain amount of time to harden and stabilize, it may not be suitable to use a compact laser leveling for short-term construction projects. In general, concrete laser leveling machines have significant advantages in improving construction efficiency and achieving high-precision ground leveling. They are especially suitable for large industrial plants, logistics centers, airports and other places that require high-precision and high-strength floors. However, limitations such as its high cost and limited adaptability to terrain also need to be considered in practical applications.

    Objective: To prevent safety accidents such as collapse, falls from heights, mechanical injuries, and electric shock during concrete pouring construction, ensure the safety of construction workers' lives and equipment and property, and standardize operation procedures, this special measure is formulated in accordance with regulations and standards such as the "Code for Safety Inspection of Construction Sites" (JGJ59) and the "Code for Construction of Concrete Structures" (GB50666). ​ Scope of application: This measure is applicable to various concrete pouring operations in building construction, municipal engineering, Bridges, tunnels, etc., including the pouring construction of different parts such as foundations, main structures, and secondary structures. ​ Before construction, a special construction plan should be prepared, clearly specifying the pouring sequence, material distribution method, machinery selection and safety protection requirements. It should be implemented after approval by the technical supervisor. ​ Conduct three-level safety briefings for all personnel involved in the operation: project-level briefing on the overall safety risks of the construction, team-level briefing on the operation norms of the positions, and on-site briefing on the potential hazards of specific operation points (such as edges, openings, and high-voltage line locations). The briefings must be signed for confirmation and archived. ​ Inspect the surrounding environment of the pouring area: Clear the debris on the work surface, and confirm that 1.2-meter-high guardrails have been set up at the edges (such as foundation pits, floor slab edges) and openings (with 20cm high toe boards at the bottom of the guardrails and an additional horizontal bar in the middle). The guardrails should be painted with red and white warning paint and hung with close-mesh safety nets. ​ Check the load on the working surface: Verify the bearing capacity of the formwork support system to ensure that the concrete stacking height does not exceed the specification requirements (the stacking height during floor slab pouring is ≤100mm), and prevent the support from collapsing due to overloading. ​ Check for electrical safety: Confirm that the distribution box meets the requirements of "one machine, one switch, one leakage protection, and one protection". The cables in the pouring area should be overhead or run through pipes for protection to prevent damage from being crushed. When working in a humid environment, the lighting voltage should be 36V or lower, which is a safe voltage. ​ Concrete conveying equipment (pump trucks, ground pumps, placing machines) : Check whether the braking system, hydraulic system and pipe joints of the equipment are in good condition. The outriggers of the pump truck need to be supported on a solid ground (with steel plates or square timbers as pads), and confirm that the outriggers are fully extended and the ground bearing capacity meets the requirements. ​ Protective supplies: Personal protective equipment such as safety helmets, anti-slip shoes, insulating gloves, and dust masks should be provided. When working at heights, safety belts (high hanging and low use) and operation platforms (fully covered with scaffolding boards and surrounded by guardrails) should be prepared. Backup emergency supplies (such as first aid kits, fire extinguishing equipment, and warning tapes). ​   High-altitude work protection: When the pouring height is ≥2 meters, an operation platform or scaffolding must be used. It is strictly prohibited to stand on formwork or steel bars for work. Workers should fasten their safety belts, and the hooks of the safety belts should be hung on solid structural components. It is strictly prohibited to walk on unfixed components. ​ Edge operation protection: When pouring foundation pits, slopes and other edge parts, set up warning areas and prohibit non-operation personnel from entering. Workers should maintain a safety distance of no less than 1 meter from the edge of the edge. Anti-slip scaffolding boards should be laid if necessary. ​ Dust-proof and heat-proof protection: During summer pouring, shading measures should be taken to prevent personnel from suffering from heatstroke. When pouring in winter, when hot water is used to mix concrete, it is necessary to prevent steam scalding. Workers should wear anti-scalding gloves. When there is a lot of cement dust, wear dust masks and set up spray dust suppression equipment on site. ​ Operation precautions for pump trucks and material distribution machines: No one is allowed to stand within the rotation radius of the material distribution rod of the pump truck. Before operation, make sure there are no high-voltage lines or obstacles within the rotation range. The placing machine should be firmly fixed. Before use, check whether the outriggers and the rotating mechanism are locked. It is strictly forbidden to carry out pouring operations when the placing machine is in motion. ​ Vibrator usage protection: The operator of the vibrator should wear insulating shoes and insulating gloves. The cable of the vibrating rod should be protected from damage. It is strictly forbidden to drag the cable. When vibrating, avoid touching the steel bars and formwork to prevent the vibration rods from bouncing and injuring people. When the vibrator is not in use, cut off the power supply and place it in a dry area. ​ Concrete transportation protection: When transporting concrete by tanker, the driver must abide by traffic rules. No one is allowed to stand under the unloading port of the tanker. The ground pump conveying pipeline is firmly fixed. Check the sealing condition of the pipeline joints to prevent concrete leakage and spraying from injuring people. When replacing the pipeline, first turn off the power of the ground pump, release the pressure, and then disassemble it. ​ During the pouring process, dedicated personnel should be assigned to monitor the formwork support system, with a focus on checking the verticality of the vertical rods, the spacing of the horizontal rods, and the setting of the sweeping rods. If any deformation of the vertical rods or loosening of the horizontal rods is found, the pouring should be immediately halted, and personnel should be organized to evacuate. Work can resume only after the reinforcement and rectification are completed. ​ The pouring sequence follows the principle of "symmetrical pouring and layered pouring" to avoid instability of the support system due to excessive local loads. The thickness of the layered pouring shall be carried out in accordance with the specifications (generally ≤500mm), and it is strictly prohibited to pour the formwork in a centralized manner at one time to avoid deformation. ​   Regular maintenance and servicing of concrete conveying equipment, vibrators and other machinery should be carried out. The operating status of the equipment should be recorded. If any fault is found, the machine should be stopped immediately for repair. It is strictly prohibited to operate with faults. Mechanical operators must be certified and familiar with the equipment operation procedures. Unlicensed personnel are strictly prohibited from operating. ​ When the pump truck is in operation, a dedicated person should be assigned for command. The command personnel should use standard signals (flag language or walkie-talkies) to avoid communication errors with the driver. When the fabricating machine is moving, it should proceed slowly to prevent collision with structural components or personnel. ​ On-site electricity usage should be operated by professional electricians. It is strictly prohibited for non-electricians to connect or disconnect wires. The distribution box in the pouring area is locked and a warning sign saying "Beware of Electric Shock" is posted. There are no debris within 1.5 meters around the distribution box. ​ When working in rainy weather, cover the distribution box and electrical equipment, and check the grounding resistance (grounding resistance ≤4Ω) to prevent leakage accidents. After the operation is completed, cut off the power supply of all equipment, organize the cables, and avoid crushing or soaking them. ​   Collapse accident handling: In the event of a collapse of the formwork support, immediately stop the operation, organize personnel to evacuate to a safe area, and prohibit blind rescue. Call the 120 emergency number and at the same time use excavators, jacks and other equipment to clear the collapsed objects and rescue the trapped people to prevent secondary collapse. ​ Handling of falls from heights and mechanical injuries: In the event of a person's fall or mechanical injury, immediately stop the operation, transfer the injured person to a safe area, check the injured person's consciousness and breathing. If fractures or bleeding occur, take temporary immobilization and hemostasis measures, and call 120 for medical treatment. In the event of an electric shock accident, cut off the power supply first, then rescue the injured person to prevent the rescuers from getting electrocuted. ​ Fire accident handling: In case of fire caused by electrical faults or flammable materials burning, immediately cut off the power supply, use on-site fire extinguishing equipment to put out the fire, evacuate people to a safe area, call 119 to report the fire, and at the same time clear flammable materials around to prevent the fire from spreading. ​   Daily inspection: Before each day's work, the team conducts a pre-shift safety inspection, with a focus on personal protective equipment, equipment status, and protective facilities. The project organizes safety inspections every week to identify potential hazards and issue rectification notices, and follows up on the rectification progress. ​ Special acceptance: Before pouring, a special acceptance shall be conducted on the formwork support system, operation platform and electrical equipment. Only after the acceptance is qualified and signed for confirmation can the pouring operation begin. If the acceptance is not qualified, construction is strictly prohibited until the rectification meets the standards. ​ Safety education and training should be provided to newly arrived workers. Only after passing the assessment can they take up their posts. Regularly organize special training on concrete pouring safety, explaining accident cases, operation norms, and emergency skills to enhance personnel's safety awareness. ​ Special operation personnel (such as pump truck drivers, electricians, and scaffolders) must hold relevant certificates to work. Those with expired certificates or those that have not undergone annual review are prohibited from engaging in related operations. Regularly organize refresher training for special operation personnel to update their safety knowledge. Instructions for Use: This plan is a general template. Before the specific implementation of each project, it should be refined and supplemented according to the characteristics of the project (such as super-high, super-heavy, large-span structures, etc.), especially the control measures for major hazard sources.    

Concrete laser screed machine is based on modern industrial plant, large shopping malls, warehouses and other large areas of cement and concrete ground, such as the ground quality such as strength, flatness, level and other higher and higher demand for development, applied to large-area flooring construction, in the reduction of construction seams at the same time, can also effectively solve the ground air drum, shell, cracking, inequality. About the working principle of the laser leveling machine, it is not complicated to understand, simply is a laser emission laser as the reference plane, through the laser leveling machine laser receiver real-time control of the flathead, so as to achieve high-precision concrete, rapid flattening of the equipmen. Advantage 1: Save on human input. People who have done the grade level know that in a large area of flooring construction, the traditional process of manual construction, the number of team members from about 15 people, a single shift to complete the workload within 700㎡. If using concrete laser screed machine, applied to large area floor ingress construction, the operation effect is greatly improved, 6 workers around the formation of the construction team, the average hour can complete 300m2 paving work, the average single shift can complete 2500 to 3500m2, especially suitable for the duration requirements of tight, large paving area, high quality requirements of the project. Advantage 2: Save capital investment and shorten construction cycle Traditional labor needs to advance the template, waste labor, delay the duration, can not effectively return funds. Concrete laser flatflating machine, high degree of automation, large area block one-time paving construction of the realization, so that the middle of the block does not need a module, in the reduction of branch templates, groove steel at the same time, but also further reduce the construction process, speed up the construction progress. Advantage 3: Very small leveling error The process principle of concrete laser flattening machine is to rely on gasoline generator power generation, electric drive laser measurement and control system, computer control system and servo drive system to complete the flat work by using the flathead, laser leveling machine to find flat does not need to pull the control line, also does not need the side template to control the ground elevation, and by the laser measurement and control system on the flat flating machine real-time control As long as the laser transmitter is not disturbed, no matter where the leveling machine moves, it ensures that the elevation of the ground as a whole after the paving is not affected. Advantage 4: Better overallground on the ground Traditional process construction, one day, one day pouring, can only a piece to jump open construction, the limitations are very large, can not be continuous operation, and the overall nature is not good, easy to cause the cumulative error of construction seams. Concrete laser flatflating machine, applied to flooring construction, it is very easy to achieve a large area of flooring one-time overall paving, this paving technology can be based on the need for arbitrary block construction, continuous operation to the completion of the entire floor, so that the overall nature of the ground is better, which is the use of traditional construction technology can not be done. Advantage 5: The ground is more compact and uniform, reducing the cost of post-maintenance Laser flattener is using 4000 times per minute of high-frequency vibrators, the flat head vibrator yat-bar uniform high-frequency vibration, so that the concrete ground is dense and avoidthes the pressure concentration caused by deformation caused by ground cracking. Can reduce cracks, can effectively solve the ground air drum, shell, cracking, inequality, so that the floor of the late maintenance costs greatly reduced.