Technical Knowledge
Special technical measures for safety protection in concrete pouring construction
Special technical measures for safety protection in concrete pouring construction
Ⅰ. General Provisions
Objective: To prevent safety accidents such as collapse, falls from heights, mechanical injuries, and electric shock during concrete pouring construction, ensure the safety of construction workers' lives and equipment and property, and standardize operation procedures, this special measure is formulated in accordance with regulations and standards such as the "Code for Safety Inspection of Construction Sites" (JGJ59) and the "Code for Construction of Concrete Structures" (GB50666).
Scope of application: This measure is applicable to various concrete pouring operations in building construction, municipal engineering, Bridges, tunnels, etc., including the pouring construction of different parts such as foundations, main structures, and secondary structures.
Ⅱ. Safety Preparations Before Work
(1) Technical Preparation and Briefing
Before construction, a special construction plan should be prepared, clearly specifying the pouring sequence, material distribution method, machinery selection and safety protection requirements. It should be implemented after approval by the technical supervisor.
Conduct three-level safety briefings for all personnel involved in the operation: project-level briefing on the overall safety risks of the construction, team-level briefing on the operation norms of the positions, and on-site briefing on the potential hazards of specific operation points (such as edges, openings, and high-voltage line locations). The briefings must be signed for confirmation and archived.
(2) On-site environmental inspection
Inspect the surrounding environment of the pouring area:
Clear the debris on the work surface, and confirm that 1.2-meter-high guardrails have been set up at the edges (such as foundation pits, floor slab edges) and openings (with 20cm high toe boards at the bottom of the guardrails and an additional horizontal bar in the middle). The guardrails should be painted with red and white warning paint and hung with close-mesh safety nets.
Check the load on the working surface:
Verify the bearing capacity of the formwork support system to ensure that the concrete stacking height does not exceed the specification requirements (the stacking height during floor slab pouring is ≤100mm), and prevent the support from collapsing due to overloading.
Check for electrical safety:
Confirm that the distribution box meets the requirements of "one machine, one switch, one leakage protection, and one protection". The cables in the pouring area should be overhead or run through pipes for protection to prevent damage from being crushed. When working in a humid environment, the lighting voltage should be 36V or lower, which is a safe voltage.
(3) Equipment and Material Preparation
Concrete conveying equipment (pump trucks, ground pumps, placing machines) :
Check whether the braking system, hydraulic system and pipe joints of the equipment are in good condition. The outriggers of the pump truck need to be supported on a solid ground (with steel plates or square timbers as pads), and confirm that the outriggers are fully extended and the ground bearing capacity meets the requirements.
Protective supplies:
Personal protective equipment such as safety helmets, anti-slip shoes, insulating gloves, and dust masks should be provided. When working at heights, safety belts (high hanging and low use) and operation platforms (fully covered with scaffolding boards and surrounded by guardrails) should be prepared. Backup emergency supplies (such as first aid kits, fire extinguishing equipment, and warning tapes).
Ⅲ. Safety Protection during Pouring Process
(1) Personnel operation protection
High-altitude work protection:
When the pouring height is ≥2 meters, an operation platform or scaffolding must be used. It is strictly prohibited to stand on formwork or steel bars for work. Workers should fasten their safety belts, and the hooks of the safety belts should be hung on solid structural components. It is strictly prohibited to walk on unfixed components.
Edge operation protection:
When pouring foundation pits, slopes and other edge parts, set up warning areas and prohibit non-operation personnel from entering. Workers should maintain a safety distance of no less than 1 meter from the edge of the edge. Anti-slip scaffolding boards should be laid if necessary.
Dust-proof and heat-proof protection:
During summer pouring, shading measures should be taken to prevent personnel from suffering from heatstroke. When pouring in winter, when hot water is used to mix concrete, it is necessary to prevent steam scalding. Workers should wear anti-scalding gloves. When there is a lot of cement dust, wear dust masks and set up spray dust suppression equipment on site.
(2) Mechanical operation protection
Operation precautions for pump trucks and material distribution machines:
No one is allowed to stand within the rotation radius of the material distribution rod of the pump truck. Before operation, make sure there are no high-voltage lines or obstacles within the rotation range. The placing machine should be firmly fixed. Before use, check whether the outriggers and the rotating mechanism are locked. It is strictly forbidden to carry out pouring operations when the placing machine is in motion.
Vibrator usage protection:
The operator of the vibrator should wear insulating shoes and insulating gloves. The cable of the vibrating rod should be protected from damage. It is strictly forbidden to drag the cable. When vibrating, avoid touching the steel bars and formwork to prevent the vibration rods from bouncing and injuring people. When the vibrator is not in use, cut off the power supply and place it in a dry area.
Concrete transportation protection:
When transporting concrete by tanker, the driver must abide by traffic rules. No one is allowed to stand under the unloading port of the tanker. The ground pump conveying pipeline is firmly fixed. Check the sealing condition of the pipeline joints to prevent concrete leakage and spraying from injuring people. When replacing the pipeline, first turn off the power of the ground pump, release the pressure, and then disassemble it.
(3) Support system protection
During the pouring process, dedicated personnel should be assigned to monitor the formwork support system, with a focus on checking the verticality of the vertical rods, the spacing of the horizontal rods, and the setting of the sweeping rods. If any deformation of the vertical rods or loosening of the horizontal rods is found, the pouring should be immediately halted, and personnel should be organized to evacuate. Work can resume only after the reinforcement and rectification are completed.
The pouring sequence follows the principle of "symmetrical pouring and layered pouring" to avoid instability of the support system due to excessive local loads. The thickness of the layered pouring shall be carried out in accordance with the specifications (generally ≤500mm), and it is strictly prohibited to pour the formwork in a centralized manner at one time to avoid deformation.
Ⅳ. Mechanical and Electrical Safety Management
(1) Mechanical maintenance and operation
Regular maintenance and servicing of concrete conveying equipment, vibrators and other machinery should be carried out. The operating status of the equipment should be recorded. If any fault is found, the machine should be stopped immediately for repair. It is strictly prohibited to operate with faults. Mechanical operators must be certified and familiar with the equipment operation procedures. Unlicensed personnel are strictly prohibited from operating.
When the pump truck is in operation, a dedicated person should be assigned for command. The command personnel should use standard signals (flag language or walkie-talkies) to avoid communication errors with the driver. When the fabricating machine is moving, it should proceed slowly to prevent collision with structural components or personnel.
(2) Electrical Safety Management
On-site electricity usage should be operated by professional electricians. It is strictly prohibited for non-electricians to connect or disconnect wires. The distribution box in the pouring area is locked and a warning sign saying "Beware of Electric Shock" is posted. There are no debris within 1.5 meters around the distribution box.
When working in rainy weather, cover the distribution box and electrical equipment, and check the grounding resistance (grounding resistance ≤4Ω) to prevent leakage accidents. After the operation is completed, cut off the power supply of all equipment, organize the cables, and avoid crushing or soaking them.
Ⅴ. Emergency Response Measures
Collapse accident handling:
In the event of a collapse of the formwork support, immediately stop the operation, organize personnel to evacuate to a safe area, and prohibit blind rescue. Call the 120 emergency number and at the same time use excavators, jacks and other equipment to clear the collapsed objects and rescue the trapped people to prevent secondary collapse.
Handling of falls from heights and mechanical injuries:
In the event of a person's fall or mechanical injury, immediately stop the operation, transfer the injured person to a safe area, check the injured person's consciousness and breathing. If fractures or bleeding occur, take temporary immobilization and hemostasis measures, and call 120 for medical treatment. In the event of an electric shock accident, cut off the power supply first, then rescue the injured person to prevent the rescuers from getting electrocuted.
Fire accident handling:
In case of fire caused by electrical faults or flammable materials burning, immediately cut off the power supply, use on-site fire extinguishing equipment to put out the fire, evacuate people to a safe area, call 119 to report the fire, and at the same time clear flammable materials around to prevent the fire from spreading.
Ⅵ. Safety Inspection and Acceptance
Daily inspection:
Before each day's work, the team conducts a pre-shift safety inspection, with a focus on personal protective equipment, equipment status, and protective facilities. The project organizes safety inspections every week to identify potential hazards and issue rectification notices, and follows up on the rectification progress.
Special acceptance:
Before pouring, a special acceptance shall be conducted on the formwork support system, operation platform and electrical equipment. Only after the acceptance is qualified and signed for confirmation can the pouring operation begin. If the acceptance is not qualified, construction is strictly prohibited until the rectification meets the standards.
Ⅶ. Safety Education and Training
Safety education and training should be provided to newly arrived workers. Only after passing the assessment can they take up their posts. Regularly organize special training on concrete pouring safety, explaining accident cases, operation norms, and emergency skills to enhance personnel's safety awareness.
Special operation personnel (such as pump truck drivers, electricians, and scaffolders) must hold relevant certificates to work. Those with expired certificates or those that have not undergone annual review are prohibited from engaging in related operations. Regularly organize refresher training for special operation personnel to update their safety knowledge.
Instructions for Use:
This plan is a general template. Before the specific implementation of each project, it should be refined and supplemented according to the characteristics of the project (such as super-high, super-heavy, large-span structures, etc.), especially the control measures for major hazard sources.
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About the Author: Shandong Vanse Machinery Technology Co., Ltd.
Shandong Vanse Machinery Technology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech manufacturer specializing in concrete construction machinery, including laser screeds and related equipment. The company integrates R&D, production, and global sales, with products exported to over 60 countries and widely used in infrastructure projects worldwide.
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